Buffalo Springs National Reserve

In the heart of northern Kenya’s arid wilderness, across the Ewaso Nyiro River from Samburu National Reserve, lies one of East Africa’s hidden gems — Buffalo Springs National Reserve. Rugged, remote, and beautifully wild, Buffalo Springs is a land of stark contrasts: sunburnt plains, palm-lined oases, and wildlife uniquely adapted to life in the dry northern savannah.

For travelers seeking a true off-the-beaten-path safari, this reserve offers an intimate and authentic experience far from the crowds, where elephants walk against red dust horizons and leopards prowl along riverbanks under the glow of the African sun.

The Landscape and Setting

Buffalo Springs National Reserve covers approximately 131 square kilometers (50 square miles) and is part of the larger Samburu–Isiolo ecosystem, which includes Samburu National Reserve to the north and Shaba National Reserve to the east. The three parks are separated only by the Ewaso Nyiro River, a life-giving ribbon that winds through this semi-desert region and sustains the wildlife year-round.

The reserve takes its name from an oasis of clear, cool water — the “Buffalo Springs” — that bubbles up from underground streams. This natural spring creates a lush pocket of green in the middle of an otherwise dry, open landscape dominated by acacia trees, doum palms, volcanic rock ridges, and sandy plains.

The scenery here is dramatic and raw — every turn reveals a landscape shaped by wind, stone, and survival.

Wildlife in Buffalo Springs

Despite its dry climate, Buffalo Springs is teeming with life. The park is home to all the Big Five except the rhino, and its wildlife is uniquely adapted to the arid environment of northern Kenya.

You can expect to see:

• Elephants – Large herds wander between the reserves, often seen along the Ewaso Nyiro River.

• Lions – Regularly spotted in the open plains or resting under acacia shade.

• Leopards – The rocky outcrops and riverine forests are perfect hiding places for these elusive cats.

• Buffaloes – Found near water sources, often grazing in groups.

• Giraffes – Especially the reticulated giraffe, with its stunning geometric coat pattern.

• Grevy’s Zebra – One of Africa’s rarest zebra species, distinguishable by its narrow stripes and white belly.

• Beisa Oryx, Gerenuk (Giraffe Gazelle), and Somali Ostrich – Iconic northern “Samburu Special Five” species rarely found elsewhere in Kenya.

Predators such as cheetahs, hyenas, and jackals are also commonly seen, while crocodiles and hippos inhabit the Ewaso Nyiro River.

Buffalo Springs is also a haven for bird watchers, with over 390 recorded bird species, including the Golden-breasted Starling, Vulturine Guineafowl, Egyptian Vulture, and Pygmy Falcon.

The “Samburu Special Five”

Buffalo Springs shares its wildlife fame with Samburu for hosting the Samburu Special Five, a collection of rare and regionally unique species:

1. Reticulated Giraffe

2. Grevy’s Zebra

3. Beisa Oryx

4. Gerenuk

5. Somali Ostrich

Spotting all five during a single game drive is one of the most rewarding experiences in this region — a must for any true wildlife enthusiast.

Activities and Experiences

1. Game Drives

Game drives are the main activity in Buffalo Springs, usually conducted in the early morning and late afternoon when animals are most active. The network of tracks along the river and open plains provides excellent visibility and photographic opportunities.

2. Bird Watching

With nearly 400 species, Buffalo Springs is a birder’s paradise. The riverine forests, acacia scrub, and springs attract both migratory and resident birds, especially during the green season (March–May).

3. Cultural Visits

Visitors can meet members of the Samburu community, closely related to the Maasai, to learn about their semi-nomadic lifestyle, traditional dances, and colorful attire. These cultural interactions provide a meaningful understanding of how people and wildlife coexist in Kenya’s dry north.

4. Scenic Drives and Photography

The park’s scenery is spectacular — red earth, golden light, and dramatic skies make it one of the most photogenic reserves in Kenya. The Buffalo Springs oasis, in particular, is a stunning setting for sunset photography.

Best Time to Visit

Buffalo Springs National Reserve can be visited year-round, but the best time for game viewing is during the dry seasons:

• January to March and June to October – Wildlife gathers near water sources, making sightings easier and roads more accessible.

• November and April–May – The green season brings fresh vegetation, newborn animals, and excellent bird watching, although occasional rain may make some areas harder to reach.

Temperatures are generally warm to hot throughout the year, typical of Kenya’s northern semi-arid climate.

Getting There

Buffalo Springs lies about 325 kilometers (200 miles) north of Nairobi, a 5–6-hour drive via Nanyuki and Isiolo on the A2 highway.

Alternatively, you can fly from Nairobi’s Wilson Airport to Buffalo Springs or Samburu airstrips in about 1 hour, with transfers arranged to your lodge or camp.

Where to Stay

Buffalo Springs offers a range of lodges and tented camps, most situated near the river for stunning views and easy access to wildlife. Popular options include:

• Ashnil Samburu Camp – Overlooks the Ewaso Nyiro River with elegant tented rooms.

• Samburu Simba Lodge – Offers spacious rooms and panoramic views.

• Elephant Bedroom Camp – Luxurious tents shaded by doum palms, known for close-up elephant encounters.

• Buffalo Springs Public Campsite – For budget travelers seeking a rustic, self-catered experience.

Many lodges in Samburu also offer game drives that cross into Buffalo Springs since the two reserves share the same ecosystem.

Conservation and Community

Buffalo Springs, like its neighboring reserves, plays a crucial role in conserving Kenya’s northern wildlife. Managed by the Isiolo County Council, the reserve also supports local communities through tourism revenue and employment.

By visiting Buffalo Springs, you help sustain both biodiversity and local livelihoods, ensuring that this delicate landscape continues to thrive.

Final Thoughts

Buffalo Springs National Reserve is where the wild spirit of northern Kenya comes alive — a land of red earth, open skies, and untamed beauty. It’s less crowded than Samburu but every bit as rewarding, offering the perfect blend of wildlife, landscape, and cultural immersion.

For travelers who crave authenticity and adventure, Buffalo Springs is a reminder of what safari truly means — raw, remote, and real.